Current Events Article Review on Presidency essays

Recent developments Article Review on Presidency expositions Senates Long Losing Streak on Presidency Could Be Near an End With the sudden withdrawal of Republican Mitt Romney from the presidential race, the probability of a sitting United States representative going directly from Congress to the administration shows up extremely solid. Odds are that Republican Senator John McCain will confront either Hillary Rodham Clinton or Barack Obama, both Just Senators, in the up and coming 2008 presidential political race Right around 50 U.S. legislators have pursued the countries most noteworthy position, however just Bob Give, Barry Goldwater, George McGovern, John Kerry and John F. Kennedy won their individual partys selection. The last time that a sitting U.S. congressperson won the administration was in 1960, when John F, Kennedy vanquished previous Senator Richard M. Nixon. At no other time have two sitting U.S. legislators confronted each other straight on in the last presidential political decision race. Beforehand, the main female congressperson to run for her partys selection was Margaret Chase Smith in 1964. Senatorial experience and media presentation have consistently been thought of unmistakable preferences among presidential competitors, and in such manner, Senator Clinton is the main genuine female contender, running on her eight years involvement with the white house during President Bill Clintons residency as President, also. Representative McCain is a profoundly enriched war saint and Vietnam veteran with considerably more involvement with government, and a notoriety for uprightness based on his past endeavors to dispose of flawed crusade financing practices and government misuse of administrative assets over Congressperson Obama is the least experienced of the three representatives, with just one term added to his repertoire, yet is viewed as a solid applicant who speaks to change as one of the topics of his foundation; he is additionally the main African Amer ... <!

Reflection Using Gibbs Cycle - Development of Your Academic Learning Essay

Reflection Using Gibbs Cycle - Development of Your Academic Learning Skills and Experience in Practice During third Year - Essay Example All through the meeting, I did different introductions utilizing PowerPoint to horn my visual aptitudes. Moral issues were additionally part of correspondence that I learned. Numeracy was a piece of module seven and the exercises involved assembling and recording information, understanding exploration information, sedate estimation, and general arithmetic. The exercises associated with creating IT aptitudes in module seven were word handling, writing board conversation, looking through Databases, Emailing, and the utilization of the web. Also, all through the model, I created learning abilities by taking part in exercises like writing search, utilization of writing and research, summing up data, time the executives, self-assessment, and attempting to cutoff times. The model likewise helped me to know methods of working with others. I presently fathom the job of multi-disciplinary group and haggling in groups. Sentiments at the outset, it couldn't see the hugeness of abilities in nurs ing. Be that as it may, in the wake of meeting severally with my own guide, I recognized the significance of abilities in supporting my change into the job of a staff nurture. Assessment Achievement in creating correspondence was obvious through finishing the assessment, yet I bombed my oral test because of nervousness and frenzy. I additionally didn't do well in test strategies and I will improve by meeting in gatherings to share information and read separately for six hours. In the primary endeavor, I bombed tranquilize figuring yet I improved by doing week by week practice. This was accomplished at a 100 percent on my subsequent endeavor. To progress basic reasoning ability, I read more books and went to instructional exercise. I accomplished 54 percent in research and 50 percent in the thesis and this was a decent accomplishment in the basic evaluation aptitudes. How the improvement will bolsters my change into the job of nursing (Analysis) Communication The great relational abi lities that I created during the module will help me when moving from an understudy to a staff nurture. The composed correspondence capability will help me in my vocation as a medical caretaker since I should compose clear directions for the patient to comprehend. Through the improvement of the relational abilities, I will effectively impart verbally in formal and casual manner. This will causes me as a staff nurture when making introductions in formal gatherings and in my friend work gatherings. Listening aptitudes will be a significant property, which will help me as an attendant to help with getting patients to esteem me. This is on the grounds that listening will be a method of demonstrating my inclinations in what the patients will say. Listening abilities is constantly connected with modesty instead of garrulity. It tends to be sympathetic and hence helpful (Debnath, 2009, p152). Numeracy abilities will likewise help me in my nursing calling. The medication figuring aptitudes that I procured in module seven will expand my competency. Through that aptitude, I won't make portion mistakes. It is basic for attendants to have the option to make precise figurings of medication portions and to be completely acquainted with the segment of medications in current use. Medical caretakers ought to have a comprehension of formulae for complex estimations. This empowers them to coordinate the right amount and volume of the medications. Off base medication calculations can cause botches in remedy and mischief patients. Medication calculation ability will in this way empower me to give right proportions, rates, divisions and have the option to decipher data found in clinical

Startup Hubs Around the World Melbourne

Startup Hubs Around the World Melbourne Smaller than its counterpart Sydney, Melbourne, Australia has a thriving and growing entrepreneurial community that has a huge impact on the nation’s startup market. While they are ranked near the bottom of most startup market lists, they are actively working to improve their standing and attract both entrepreneurs and investors. © Shutterstock.com | Gordon BellAs we discover what advantages Melbourne has over other startup cities, we’ll explore 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the area, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONGeographical BenefitsTucked along the southeast coast of Australia, Melbourne is Victoria’s capital city. Its location on the mouth of the bay provides a unique mix of geography and offers residents a range of activities.  As a port city, Melbourne has access to the world through the ocean, while the four airports connect the country to the rest of the world quickly and easily.Perhaps in part due to the remote nature of the city, Melbourne has been a little-known secret on the continent of Australia. Its geography has helped to shelter the city’s inhabitants from the steady onslaught of foreign visitors Melbourne tends to look inward for strength and resolve. This characteristic, while difficult to unde rstand at first, is one of the most useful benefits the city possesses. Self-resilience and determination can both be an important trait for a company to establish.The central business district of the city is home to startup incubators and co-sharing spaces that help to bolster the startup market in the city. With dedicated workspace and living space, entrepreneurs are free to innovate and design without having to worry about finding safe and appropriate facilities.A beach town, Melbourne offers sweeping coastlines for the entrepreneur to enjoy and appreciate, providing startups with a place to unwind and relax after a long day of coding or developing. The business district has skyscrapers and office buildings that house thousands of companies in the economic hub, acting as a reminder of the potential for growth.Advantages of choosing the cityCompared to startup markets around the world, Melbourne is a relatively small city. With a population of about 4 million people, the city is l arge enough to provide a range of resources, yet small enough to feel manageable. A high standard of living makes the Melbourne scene attractive to entrepreneurs â€" there are a range of amenities to take advantage of and the environment of the city is lively and welcoming.With four airports spread through the city, and a network of highways and roads that connects Melbourne to other cities, the infrastructure of the city is solid and useable. Public transportation is available through taxis, water taxis, trams and buses. The entrepreneur who wishes to give their pitch to others will have ample methods of transport to choose from.Cultural opportunities abound, as well as a wealth of outdoor activities. Green spaces (parks and gardens) are scattered throughout the city. There is no shortage of things to do in Melbourne, and the temperate climate makes it possible to use the outdoors on a regular basis.TAX INCENTIVESThe Australian government has developed a series of tax incentives th at provide entrepreneurs with a number of RD tax credits as assistance. Eligible projects are able to apply annually for the credits, and the Australian government business website has information regarding the various credits that a company may be eligible for.Considered a broad based entitlement program, the RD tax credits can be used by innovators in any industry, and by companies of any size. Innovation eligible for the tax credits includes the creation of new products, as well as creating new processes or services. Consulting with a tax professional will enable a company to determine if their company’s products or services are eligible to take advantage of this tax credit.Recent changes to the tax laws have made it difficult to use share options as a ‘lure’ to attract new talent to a company. Without the ability to effectively use these lures, it is cost prohibitive for a company to offer share options to new employees. These lures are an important method of offering futu re growth and potential profit sharing by a cash strapped company. Without the use of these, companies cannot compete with other cities and companies around the world in their effort to attract top talent.LEGAL INCENTIVESThe Australian government has established a website to streamline the process of opening a business in Australia. Startups in Melbourne have taken it a step further by establishing themselves as authorities in the legalities of entrepreneurship. With the establishment of Startup:Melbourne, students are given the opportunity to apply for initial funding or continue working through the stages of growth until they have mastered their products.Putting the mentoring programs already established in Melbourne to work is a smart and effective method of finding out the legal incentives to starting a company. By using another’s experience as a guide, entrepreneurs can navigate the waters of the unknown safely. To ensure that the legal ramifications of establishing a busines s in Melbourne are properly taken care of, entrepreneurs should seek the advice of legal counsel. The legal system in Melbourne is relatively easy to navigate, so startups can save money by only using legal counsel for ensuring paperwork is filed correctly, etc.The creation of further legal incentives would add additional reasons for startups to select Melbourne as their hub.INVESTORSMelbourne faces a disadvantage over Sydney in size as well as the number of available investors. Recent years have seen an influx in investors and venture capital firms that are willing to take a chance on the startups. Some of the new investment opportunities include:Rampersand: Backed with a $6 million investment fund, Rampersand is geared towards the early stage entrepreneurs who desire to have funds. Specializing in Australian based startups.Adventure Capital: Focusing on the digital and online systems, Adventure Capital is an early stage funding group that has recently begun to specialize in the st artup marketplace.Scale Scale: An entrepreneurship that focuses on women, Scale Scale is an angel investor network that is inspired by the US startup, Golden Seeds.Once a company has moved beyond the angel investor stage, incubator firms are available for additional funding.Angel Cube: $20,000 seed funding available for startup teams that are moving the company to the next level. In addition to funding, mentoring is available by some of Melbourne’s leading entrepreneurs.While this list of investors is far from exhaustive, these are some of the top investors in the city. The lack of available funding is one of the disadvantages to Melbourne’s startup marketplace. Startup leaders in Melbourne’s startup ecosystem are actively pursuing investors and encouraging other cities to follow suit.LOCAL RESOURCESMelbourne is the cultural, arts and fashion capital of Australia. This vibrant city is bursting with creativity â€" an environment that breeds success in entrepreneurship and innov ation. Home to a collection of great colleges and universities, the city attracts creative individuals and is primed to capitalize on this artistic bent.With just over 4 million people in the city, Melbourne is a big city that likes to act like a small town. Relationships are a high priority and there needs to be trust between individuals before any type of dealing can be accomplished. This small town ideal of doing business over a cup of coffee is a strength that is not easily found in other cities. Startups are typically relational in the beginning â€" with limited experience and history; entrepreneurs are often banking on the strength of a personal relationship to start a business relationship with a customer. Establishing in a city that values that type of interpersonal dealing predisposes the company to be able to ‘fit’ into the city’s mold.Startup hubs within the city are already in place, making it easy for entrepreneurs to find co-sharing space. Convenient and accessib le health care and other services that are important to employees and their families are all fully established and maintained, providing the additional resources that make an area attractive to new residents.A diverse marketplace offers opportunity for creativity and cooperation â€" whether it is in co-sharing a space or in working towards a new and innovative solution â€" that is rarely found in the world. The strong business community would benefit from the forward thinking of innovative individuals or teams, and would encourage the conservative businesses to focus on branding. By focusing on building a relationship, businesses are taking their networking abilities to a whole new level. When entrepreneurs take the time to develop strong relationships before establishing a business connection, the business in Melbourne understands that it is as much about the relationship as the presentation. This can be a weakness in the startup marketplace where the presentation is often the only opportunity potential customers and investors can find out about the company. Finding a balance between the relationship and the business brand can be challenging, but must be mastered if the company is to succeed. SPECIALIZATIONTraditionally the manufacturing and innovation center of the country, Melbourne is accustomed to leading the way in the race to success. One area where they can continue to shine is the development of new and improved systems for manufacturing.An example of this type of specialization is the Axiflux company. Axiflux is an engineering, research and development company that re-designed the small motor. With improved speed controls and more cost effective technology, the company has improved the product and adapted it to better suit the needs of the modern day. In addition, improved processing and manufacturing helps Melbourne maintain its position as a development hub. By continuing to promote this type of innovation and problem solving, Melbourne has the opp ortunity to develop their niche in the startup marketplace.Another key specialization area is the development of service assistance. Whether it is simply to gather emails together in an easy to read format, or offering users an easy to navigate tool for finding the right repairman, the growing market for innovative apps and tools is an important specialization area.There is no clear indication the direction the startup markets in Melbourne will take. At this stage in the city’s development, there isn’t a specific leader who has a taken charge of the startup ecosystem, and it may cause the latter stages to progress more slowlyInnovative solutions that relate to the already existing markets in Melbourne should be some of the first areas that develop startups. Pushing the envelope of what is possible and probable, technology-wise, is part of the creative and innovative efforts that the city already embraces. Extending this philosophy into the startup market not only shows a commitm ent to innovation but also to the city itself.STARTUPS TO WATCHThe Fetch: Designed to be a source of news and information for local companies, The Fetch allows users to sign up for weekly digest emails. The weekly e-blast informs the users of events and business news taking place within the specified city. Posts include upcoming local events, startup and entrepreneur workshops, local job postings and conferences. In addition, the weekly email includes a list of entrepreneurship articles that will help the business owner grow and develop. With new cities being added all the time, The Fetch is quickly becoming one of business owner’s ‘go-to’ sources for news and information.99 Designs: The easiest way to generate graphic design work, 99designs harnesses the power of the internet and allows you to request samples of a logo, based on the information given to the designers. Whether a company needs a logo for web pages, business cards, book covers, or t-shirt covers, the team at The Fetch will provide you with a selection of logos to try out the one that best suits the company’s need. Companies try out the logos for a week and select the best one. Once the logo has been selected, the company can continue to work with the same designer, allowing for continuity of style.Whispir: Despite living in the digital age, companies are still scrambling to find the best ways to communicate with their customers. For many, Whispir answers the multi-faceted question about which method is most effective: all of them. In simple steps, users create interactive messages that reach their customers via email, text messages, appointment reminders and more. The communication methods allow for customers to interact or respond to the customer, based on the chosen tool. Reports provide insight into the most effective methods of communicating, allowing for the customer to adjust the company’s marketing strategy.Native Tongue: With the increasing globalization of the world, learning a second (or third) language is an effective means of not only making yourself more attractive to potential employers, but it also creates a connection between yourself and the country you are visiting. Native Tongue is an effective teaching app to quickly learn conversational language.SitePoint: A web developer’s secret weapon, SitePoint is a publisher of books, articles and other resources for every topic a web designer could possibly want. Video learning courses, online coursework and ‘how-to’ posts walk a web develop through every stage of design in an easy to understand format.The city of Melbourne shows great promise as a startup hub in Australia. Attempting to compete with larger, more organized and more financially stable markets around the world can prove difficult as a city has to prove its worthiness to entrepreneurs. A startup city comparison chart listed Melbourne at 24th overall, right behind their neighbor, Sydney. To remain competitive on the global scale, Melb ourne needs to address the growing need for funding in the later stages, establish better legal incentives and improve the benefits to both entrepreneurs and investors.

Benjamin Franklin The Legacy Of Moral Perfection, And...

Benjamin Franklin is often known as one of the Founding Father of the United States, or further a famous politician. However, people should know that he also was a scientist, an author, a printer, postmaster, inventor, civic activist and a diplomat. He owned a diverse talent. And whenever we discuss about talented people, it is always attractive. Franklin was not an exception, his life was totally full of interesting stories. Through his autobiography, we can know more about this great person. Despite of having a lot of issues about Franklin in the book, in this essay, we just focus on his establishing the public library in Philadelphia, his quest for moral perfection, and Franklin’s religion. Benjamin Franklin was not only one of the Founding Fathers of the U.S, he was also a leading author. Therefore, it is not strange to know that how much he loved reading. He admitted that â€Å"Reading was the only amusement I allow’d myself† (FRANKLIN, P.108). At the time Franklin established the Philadelphia public library, people did not have a good book – seller’s shop. Franklin indicated in â€Å"The Autobiography of Ben Franklin† that â€Å"In New York and Philad’a the printers were indeed stationers; they sold only paper, etc., almanacs, ballads, and a few common school-books. Those who lov’d reading were obliged to send for their books from England† (FRANKLIN, P.106). Therefore, Franklin and his club meeting, which was the Junto, decided to bring their books to a room which they hired to holdShow MoreRelatedImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagestheir impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in the moral values and basic philosophies of mankind. Beginning with the plow, science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier, science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice;Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagestheir impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in the moral values and basic philosophies of mankind. Beginning with the plow, science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier, science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice;Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesspecialization and (2) linking people and tasks by the speed of the production line—makes sense. It produces the huge savings in cost and huge increases in output that occur in large, organized work settings. For example, in 1908 managers at the Franklin Motor Company using scientiï ¬ c management principles redesigned the work process, and the output of cars increased from 100 cars a month to 45 cars a day; workers’ wages, however, increased by only 90 percent.10 From other perspectives, however, scientiï ¬ cRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Inf ormation Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon

United States Health Care System - 1528 Words

United States health care system compared to the United Kingdom The United States health care system is one of the most expensive health care systems in the world, yet ranks last in performance when compared to other wealthy countries health systems. Among those countries the United Kingdom ranks number one because it is more effective and accessible. The United Kingdom’s universal coverage allows for a higher performance of quality care, access and efficiency as compared to the US which ranks at the bottom of the list due to its absence of universal health care. The United Kingdom spends around â€Å"$3,405 per person† whereas the â€Å"United States spends around $8,508† (Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, 2014 Update: How the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally, 2014) yet still fails to succeed in providing efficient health care to many Americans. Health Care System and how it is funded The United States is the only industrialized nation without Universal healthcare coverage. It is privatized with low level of government involvement, however most Americans will receive their coverage through private health insurance, such as employers and individuals leaving over 47.5 Americans without coverage (Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, 2014 Update: How the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally,2014). The US sets age and income requirement in order for health care coverage which only leads to an enormous amount of the population without health coverage. This leads to manyShow MoreRelatedThe United States Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change. To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person’s income. Universal health care is a foundationRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States health care system is the most expensive in the world. It spends more than 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, (the highest per person in the world), but ranks behind most countries on many measures of health outcomes, quality, and efficiency. In 2012, over 47 million people were un-insured and millions were under-insured⠁ ´. The cost of health care is rising at least twice as fast as the rate of economic growth. Major companies are passing more of the cost ofRead MoreThe United States Health Care System Essay1905 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States health care system is lacking the needs to create a reliable system to achieve quality, access, cost, and educate for the consumers. Despite the efforts of the government to find a common ground to meet the standard for the societies, the system has yet to have a major improvement. These issues must be reexamined to fix the broken system. The United States health care expenditure is another issue that needs to be addressed to achieve the future goals of the healthcare system in theRead MoreThe Quality Of Care Of The United States Health Care System2125 Words   |  9 PagesThe quality of care In the United States Health Care System, unlike a lot of people’s perceptions, is not the best in the world. In fact, Rose Ann DeMoro, the Executive Director of National Nurses United, Which happens to be the nation’s largest professional association and union for registered nurses, wrote in â€Å"How US Private Insurance Healthcare is Failing,† â€Å"A study published [in June 2011] from the university of Washington in collaboration with researchers at Imperial College London found lifeRead MoreThe H ealth Care System Of The United States As A Whole Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthe health care system in the United States as a whole. Within this article, the subjects of health care that are reviewed are a) the US government’s position as the insurer for roughly 60 percent of the healthcare spending in the US via the public sector, b) the analysis of the funding for government health care programs such as Medicare, Medicall, and Medicaid and c) the programs in place for the health care of children and program administration for war veterans. 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The last part, is an overview of the recent policies changes and its effect (positive and negative) on each country citizens and proposed future reforms for better coverage in these countries. Canada health system Canada provides a national universal care thatRead MoreSafety Net Hospitals And The United States Health Care System903 Words   |  4 Pageshospitals have played an important role in the United States health care system. They provide a significant amount of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations. While treating these types of populations, they are still able to provide high cost services such as trauma and burn care. They often take on additional roles and responsibilities such as the training of medical and nursing students (Coughlin et al., 2014). These hospital systems are well known for their open door policy (WynnRead MoreComparing The United States Health Care System With The Federal Republic Of Germany2322 Words   |  10 PagesTHE UNITED STATES HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WITH THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY During the past few decades in the United States, health care cost has been skyrocketing, and many people have lost their insurance as result of the high cost. Approximately 45 million American s are uninsured or they don’t have a real health care plan that can cover all their needs. Some Americans have the perception that even with coverage, cost and other problems in the system, the quality of the Healthcare System in theRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 to

Hero’s Journey Free Essays

Each person undergoes a unique journey in their life. However, each person goes through the same basic steps; Choosing different paths to make each journey unlike anyone else’s. The Hero’s Journey is a journey that everyone will take during their life. We will write a custom essay sample on Hero’s Journey or any similar topic only for you Order Now We should acquaint ourselves with the type of journey we are on in order to successfully complete our journey. I had traveled down the wrong path and had gone from using marijuana occasionally to being physically addicted to methamphetamines. I knew it was wrong but I couldn’t stop myself. I needed something to motivate me to change my ways and become a better person. To begin, the hero’s journey is initiated when the hero is removed from their comfort zone. This irresolute feeling is agonizing, confusing, and manifests a Call to Adventure. A call is in demand when the hero has room to grow and develop: when he must change. My personal Call to Adventure was when I overdosed and nearly died, landing me in the hospital for weeks. The hero must answer this calling in order to satisfy this need to grow, face the unknown, and to gain something of magnitude. I knew now was the time to change my ways and get my life back on track. While I was lying unconscious on the hospital bed, I can clearly remember somebody telling me that I would die if I didn’t change my ways. I never figured out if it was God or a person talking to me but it definitely hit home with me. This was where I made the decision to get clean and change my life. This was the jumping-off point; it was now or never. After I decided that, I knew there was no going back. After I was released from the hospital, with the help of my doctor, I convinced my parents to send me away to inpatient rehab. That is where I encountered my first trials and challenges. My first trial and challenge was going through the withdrawls from the drugs. I was sick, nauseous, and delusional for about a week until it all got out of my system. That was probably the hardest part. I kept imagining was being in a fire and then directly into an ice bath because of the raging fever I had. After that subsided I could start to work on my issues and start to deal with my addiction. My next trial and challenge came when I was released and went to hang out with my old friends. At first, I had no idea what to do when I saw my old friends using drugs so I just stopped going out. I had no social life for a time so I decided to try to get back with my old friends and not use. This is what led up to my final battle/climax. The final battle/climax of my personal hero’s journey was when I went to a party with my friends and had promised myself that I wouldn’t use drugs. Unexpectedly, somebody had brought some and everyone was joining in on it. I had to choose between using the drugs and getting my life back on the downward spiral that It was on a couple months ago, and between walking away from the situation and keeping my life on track. Even though everyone was pressuring me to do it, I stayed strong and didn’t; I left and went home instead. I had chosen to keep my life on the path I was on, the path to success and sobriety. My atonement phase was almost as hard as the rest of it. I had to confront the issues that I had suppressed with drugs during a crucial development period in my life, emotionally. I had always coped with my emotions by using drugs but that was no longer an option so I started going to the gym to let off stress. There has been nothing negative about getting my life back on track. My home life with my family is much better. I am much happier overall. My return phase consisted of successfully going back to school with the kids I used to use drugs with and be able to function without giving in to the peer pressure. It was here that I became the master of two worlds. I was still friends with all the kids that I used to do drugs with but I was sober and had sober friends at the same time. These two worlds were vastly different but I am still able to balance my time between them so nobody feels like I am no longer friends with them. I am confident that I can handle the peer pressure of kids at school and outside of school now and that is crucial to my journey to adulthood. How to cite Hero’s Journey, Essay examples

Case Study Analysis of Debt Busters

Question: Discuss about the Current HR Issues in Debt Busters ? Answer : The given case study clearly shows that currently the biggest human resource issue in Debt Busters is its culture. In its initial days, the organization was performing well until the management decided that it will need more managers so that sufficient controllership can be gained. They also decided that increased number of departments is required support the growth of the organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). In the end, the management initiated a recruitment drive that allowed the organization to recruit a large number of employees and managers. Most of the managers who were recruited were from General Electric as the management of Debt Busters thought that they would fit well in the organization. However, it was a mistake by the HR team of Debt Busters. GE is known as a corporate company with standards, methods and policies that reflect a big multinational company. It is entirely different from Debt Busters as it was established via the spirit of entrepreneurship and do it quick now rather than do it right later. Unlike GE, in Debt Busters, employees were treated as relatives. As a result poor performance of the employees was overlooked most of the times. This culture heavily impacted the performance of the organization as it never took any action against the employees who were underperforming (Ashkanasy and Dorris 2017). On the other hand, managers such as Charles were regularly missing the work intentionally. Other managers were also delivering low quality of work along with unprofessional absence. As a result, productivity of the organization was hampered critically. Besides, the culture in the organization was decidedly visible and dominant. After change and recruitment of senior management professionals from General Electric, sub-cultures became more important in the organization. The problems and conflicts between the sub-cultures often manifested during the meetings of change management. On the other hand, concerns were also raised related to the bullying from Anthony Brown. He started to force employee to act against the direction of their managers due to mismatch of working. Human resource team of the organization failed to address these issues and as a result, 4 of the managers quit their jobs. Leadership Style in Debt Busters In any organization, leaders play a major role in developing strategic goals and objectives. Leaders not only lead his team and other employees to success, but also act as decision maker, analyst, organizer and collaborator (Rast et al. 2013). Besides, leaders also work as strategists where their vision delivers the purpose of existence to organization. Leadership also helps an organization to accomplish its goals by formulating and implementing the efficient strategies (Chege et al. 2015). However, there are several types of leadership trait and each of those traits has their own impact on human resource strategic planning (Giltinane 2013). From the given case study, it can be stated that in Debt Busters, Anthony Brown who was considered as a hero, used to follow autocratic leadership style. He was the sole decision maker of the organization and did not allow the employees to take part in the decision making method. This leadership style is considered as best for the employees who a re poor performers. In this approach, leaders are able to keep an eye on the employees who are expected to perform the task on given directions. However, the scenario is different in the case of Debt Busters. From the common theories and concepts it can be said that autocratic leadership is good for organization is most of the cases, if the leader is qualified and talented (Neumann and Neumann 2013). However, in the case of Debt Busters and Anthony Brown, the situation is absolutely opposite. Anthony always wasted to lead the organization and force his decision on the management. Anthony used to act as influencer in the organization and developed a positive relationship with the senior management team. He did it to make sure that decision making resides only with him. According to his decisions, changes were implemented in the organization where others had no voice. Employees were forced to adapt to new rules and regulations. Workers who were unable to comply had to leave the organization. As result turnover rate of the company increased significantly. Besides, after the recruitment of new managers and senior level employees in the organization, Anthony started to influence the employees to not listen to listen to their respective managers. It caused internal conflicts among the managers of the organization that resulted into 4 managers leaving the company. As a result of these incidents, the organization lost its profitability and was forced restructure the organizational culture once again. Reference List Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Ashkanasy, N.M. and Dorris, A.B., 2017. Organizational culture and climate. Chege, A.N., Wachira, A. and Mwenda, L., 2015. Effects of Leadership Styles on Implementation of Organization Strategic Plans in Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,4(3), pp.593-600. Giltinane, C.L., 2013. Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), pp.35-39. Neumann, Y. and Neumann, E.F., 2013. The president and the college bottom line: The role of strategic leadership styles.Library Consortium Management: An International Journal. Rast III, D.E., Hogg, M.A. and Giessner, S.R., 2013. Self-uncertainty and support for autocratic leadership.Self and Identity,12(6), pp.635-649.

Homer`s Ajax Essays - Mythological Kings, Ajax, Suicide, Trojans

Homer`s Ajax The relevance that the themes of tragedy could have to issues affecting the city-state even in plays whose plots had ostensibly nothing to do with life in a polis shows up clearly in Sophocles' play entitled Ajax, presented in the early 440s B.C. The play bore the name of the second-best warrior (Achilles had been preeminent) in the Greek army that besieged Troy in the Trojan War. When his fellow Greek soldiers voted to award the armor of the dead Achilles to the wily Odysseus instead of himself, Ajax went on a berserk rampage against his former friends which the goddess Athena thwarted because Ajax had once rejected her help in battle. Disgraced by his failure to secure revenge Ajax committed suicide. Odysseus then stepped in to convince the Greek chiefs to bury Ajax despite his attempted treachery because the future security of the army and the obligations of friendship demanded that they obey the divine injunction always to bury the dead. Odysseus' arguments in favor of burying Ajax anachronistically treat the army as if it were a polis, and his use of persuasive speech to achieve accommodation of conflicting individual interests to the benefit of the community corresponds to the way in which disputes in the polis were supposed to be resolved.

How to Learn from Your Math Mistakes

How to Learn from Your Math Mistakes The most powerful learning experiences often result from making mistakes. I usually address my students with the above phrase after handing out marked papers, tests and exams. I then provide time for my students to carefully analyze their errors. I also ask them to keep a running record/journal of the patterns of their errors. Understanding how and where you go wrong will lead to enhanced learning and improved grades- a habit often developed by strong math students. Its not unlike me to develop my next test based on a variety of student errors! How often have you looked over your marked paper and analyzed your errors? When doing so, how many times have you almost immediately realized exactly where you went wrong and wished that if only you had caught that error prior to submitting your paper to your instructor? Or, if not, how often have you looked closely to see where you went wrong and worked on the problem for the correct solution only to have one of those A Ha moments? A Ha moments or the sudden enlightening moment resulting from the newly discovered understanding of the misconceived error usually means a breakthrough in learning, which often means that youll rarely repeat that error again. Instructors of mathematics often look for those moments when they are teaching new concepts in mathematics; those moments result in success. Success from previous errors isnt usually due to the memorization of a rule or pattern or formula, rather, it stems from a deeper understanding of why instead of how the problem was resolved. When we understand the whys behind a mathematical concept rather than the hows, we often have a better and deeper understanding of the specific concept. Here are the three common errors and a few remedies to address them. Symptoms and Underlying Causes of Errors When reviewing the errors on your papers, its crucial that you understand the nature of the errors and why you made it (them). Ive listed a few things to look for: Mechanical errors (transposed number, sloppy mental math, hurried approach, forgotten step, lack of review)Application errors (misunderstanding of one or more of the required step(s)Knowledge based errors (lack of knowledge of the concept, unfamiliar with terminology)Order of Operations (often stems from rote learning as opposed to having a true understanding)Incomplete (practice, practice and practice, this leads to having the knowledge more readily available) Success Is Failure Inside Out! Think like a mathematician and learn from your previous mistakes. In order to do so, I would suggest that you keep a record or journal of the patterns of errors. Mathematics requires a lot of practice, review the concepts that caused you grief from previous tests. Keep all of your marked test papers, this will assist you to prepare for ongoing summative tests. Diagnose problems immediately! When you are struggling with a specific concept, dont wait to get assistance (thats like going to the doctor three days after breaking your arm) get immediate help when you need it, if your tutor or instructor isnt available - take the initiative and go online, post to forums or look for interactive tutorials to guide you through. Remember, problems can be your friends!

Bogart A Case in Point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bogart A Case in Point - Essay Example 1. Review and evaluate corporate policies and procedures on the use of both computer hardware and software and determine the need to revise and amend areas that need focus, especially involving the use of critical information programs and systems. Policies in recruiting new IT personnel must likewise be strengthened in terms of background checking for past working experiences, qualifications and credentials. 2. Design and implement a code of discipline complete with sanctions for violations of policies. Appropriate sanctions for employees found to violate such policies should range from reprimand, warning, suspension, expulsion to outright firing, as required. 3. The current status of computer hardware and software systems at Bogart need to be protected in terms of confidentiality clauses and current employees directly using these systems must sign an official agreement that they abide by the policy of secrecy and confidentiality, otherwise, the sanctions indicated in the Code of Discipline, should be strictly enforced. 4. Categorize the computer hardware and software systems in terms of crucial importance to the organization. Those identified highly classified should only be used by authorized and trusted personnel whose trust has been gained by senior management through lengths of service within the company. If there are critical workloads that need to be finished at defined time frames, everything must be done within the premises of Bogart to prevent loopholes and to prevent compromising privacy and confidentiality. 7. Enforce strict monitoring and control of all computer resources through regular check-ups or audits to determine if there is any security breach at any points in time, or in any critical programs. Bogart could also incorporate it their policy the need to rotate authorized employees handling of critical programs to serve as a check and counter-check mechanism. 8. External audits must be scheduled aside from the in-house monitoring and control to ensure that programs are not compromised, tampered, or breached. Outside IT personnel who are constantly updated on the

How Safe are Federal Regulations on Occupational Alcohol Use Essay - 1

How Safe are Federal Regulations on Occupational Alcohol Use - Essay Example There are various rules and regulations that have been set by the federal system to control alcohol consumption among workers in different social and economic sectors. For instance: Specific rules and regulations to control alcohol use in the transportation sector, construction sector, manufacturing, and military as well as among the police. However, previous research show that the normal and legalized alcohol consumption has presented accidents at work places as well as poor productivity which in most cases are not identified by employees and their employers. Occupational accidents resulting from alcohol consumption by workers and their employers usually go unnoticed due to the fact that; there has not been proper research conducted in order to depict performance among employees working under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol consumption has various effects on the performance and the safety of workers which can be extant or can occur the next day after consumption. These effects are categorized according to the pattern in which they affect the workers: Residual effects which can exhibits different patterns of impacts. It generally connotes the physiological, behavioral and characteristics that may result from heavy alcohol consumption after episodes of heavy drinking and when the Blood Alcohol Concentration is at zero. There are also acute effects of heavy drinking that may occur immediately or after long periods of time such as cancer, weight loss and severe impacts of the reproductive system (Howland, J et al.2006). The effects of alcohol may be notice from several physiological and psychological abnormalities such as headache, fatigue and nausea. Residual effects of alcohol affect various organizations at different levels for instance; among the aircraft and automobile operators, researches have shown that: Decreased performances among pilots and military jet operators have been noticed after periods of heavy

Nervous Systems And Sensory Organs

Nervous Systems And Sensory Organs You take a needle and prick your finger, your response is probably to get your finger away from the needlepoint quickly and maybe yell ouch. You take the same needle and poke a protist, sponge, cnidarian, or worm with it and they will all probably exhibit a similar response, at least they will all retreat. But how can this be possible? Protists are unicellular organisms that dont have a system to communicate after coming in contact with a stimulus. Similarly, sponges just sit on a rock all day, they also dont have any nervous functions. Cnidarians on the other hand have a nerve net, but how do they coordinate responses without a brain? All of these questions, along with how body plans relate to nervous system evolution, will be answered as this paper explores the evolution of the nervous system and sense organs from protists to the vertebrates. The Protists The classification of protozoans has been changed a lot through time. Cavalier-Smith (1993) came up with what he called the simplest definition of the kingdom Protozoa. They are eukaryotes, other than those that primitively lack mitochondria and peroxisomes, which lack the shared derived characters that define the higher derived kingdoms of Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae (Cavalier-Smith, 1993). Even though protozoans are simple unicellular organisms, they can still respond to many of the same stimuli higher order organisms respond too. Take for example that science class most students have. You put paramecium under a microscope and try to touch them with a probe, or watch their response to the light from the microscope. Most of the time when the anterior membrane of Paramecium is mechanically stimulated the ciliary power stroke reorients so the cell swims backwards, or retreats (Ogura Machemer, 1980). If the posterior membrane is stimulated the cilia beat towards the rear, causing the organism to move forward (Ogura Machemer, 1980). The light from the microscope can affect both the photoreceptors and thermoreceptors of the protists. The unicellular alga Euglena shows two regions of peak sensitivity to light during photokinesis at 465 nm and then again near 630 nm and during phototaxis 490-500 nm (Leys et al., 2002). Euglena is phototactic and its system consists of locomotory flagellum, an eyespot, and a photoreceptor (Gualtieri, 2001). As the organism moves, the eyespot senses the amount of light that reaches it and therefore pushes the Euglena in the direction of more light (Gualtieri, 2001). But moving towards light also means a change in temperature, especially if the light source is close to the organism. Paramecium cells are themo-sensitive and tend to accumulate at temperatures they were cultured at (Toyoda et al., 2009). They become used to their membrane fluidity at this temperature, and small temperatures changes drastically change this fluidity (Toyoda et al., 2001). If the temperatures change too much the Paramecium will retreat away from the heat in order to survive (Hennessey, Saimi, Kung, 1983). Protists also have chemosensory responses to certain odorants and tastes. Rodgers, Markle, and Hennessey (2008) found G-protein coupled receptors in the Paramecium. They tested whether Paramecium and Tetrahymena could respond to the common higher order organisms odorants and tastants (Rodgers, Markle, Hennessey, 2008). If they are affected by the odorants or tastants they will do an avoiding reaction, which can be seen when the organism is leaving an attractant or enters a repellent (Valentine, Yano, Van Houten, 2008). The Tetrahymena was more sensitive and could detect all of the tastants sampled, while Paramecium only detected four or the ten (Rodgers, Markle, Hennessey, 2008). Since Paramecium feed on bacteria Valentine, Yano, and Van Houten (2008) showed that they are attracted to bacterial metabolites such as, folate, acetate, glutamate, cyclic AMP, Biotin, and Ammonium. So an organism without a nervous system or sense organs has the ability to respond to many of the same env ironmental factors that higher order organisms respond too. Poriferia Similar to the protozoans, sponges lack definite body symmetry and also lack nerves and cell junctions, allowing no communication between cells (Leys et al., 2002). Sponges do respond to both light and mechanical stimuli. Recently, some sponges have been found to respond to light by contracting their cilia (Leys et al., 2002). Most larvae, via their cilia, are sensitive to light near 440 nm and again at 600 nm causing them to respond by straightening and bending (Leys et al., 2002). Although sponges lack neurons they are sedimentary feeders and therefore need ways of dealing with excessive particulates in their feeding currents (Tompkins-MacDonald Leys, 2008). Cellular sponges have the ability to close the openings to their incurrent canals, constrict the size of their intake canals, and even carry out a series of slow contractions that expel unwanted material (Tompkins-MacDonald Leys, 2008). The syncytial tissues of glass sponges allow action potentials initiated at single or mult iple sites to propagate through the entire animal, stopping the feeding current (Tompkins-MacDonald Leys, 2008). When Tompkins-MacDonald and Leys (2008) tested this response they found that by probing the interal body wall, allowing light to touch the outer body wall, or by knocking on the outer body wall pumping was stopped. This shows that a sponge, although not having an nerves or cell junctions can still respond to its environment. Cnidaria and Ctenophora Cnidaria and Ctenophora are the most basally branching lineages with specialized sense organs. The Cnidaria are radially symmetrical and have a nerve net where the sensor and ganglionic neurons and their processes are interspersed among the epithelial cells of both layers (Watanabe, Fujisawa, Holstein, 2009). Sensory structures that form part of epidermis are found in all animal phyla. Cnidarian neurons do not cluster to form a central nervous system or ganglia, which is why the nerve net is considered the simplest nervous system (Sarnat Netsky, 2002). In cnidarians sensory structures consist of naked sensory neurons whose dendrite is formed by a modified cilium (Jacobs et al., 2007). Sensilla are individual sensory neurons, or small groupings of sensory neurons, that typically function in one of the following; light detection, mechanoreception, and chemoreception (Jacobs et al., 2007). Photoreception and chemoreception involve G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and membrane ion c hannels, similar to what was observed in the protists (Jacobs et al., 2007). Jacobs et al. (2007) believes that sense organs and kidneys in bilterians may have evolved from groupings of choanocytes in sponges. Cnidarian sense organs are usually associated with the free swimming form that resembles a jellyfish (Jacobs et al., 2007). Neural regionalization is most evident in the medusozoans that have rhopalia , an eye system with lenses (Watanabe, Fujisawa, Holstein, 2009). Other cnidarians contain simple eyes. A statocyst is a dense array of mechanosensory cells that serve as a touch plate (Jacob et al., 2007). In most cnidarians the rhopalia, sense organ, alternate with tentacles, appendages, similar to how vertebrates have organs associated with appendages (Jacobs et al., 2007). Photoreceptors responsible for contractions in Hydra in response to blue light at 470 nm, are consistent in spectral location and shape with a rhodopsin-based photoreceptive system (Leys et al., 2002). One of the newest findings deal with coral larvae and their exterior cilia being able to detect and respond to underwater sound fields (Vermeij et al., 2010). Vermeij et al. (2010) setup six chambers directed towards underwater speakers playing day and night reef sounds. Free-swimming coral larvae moved predominately towards the speakers independent of chamber orientation (Vermeij et al., 2010). This study was done because fish larvae used it as well. Platyhelminthes The flatworms have true bilateral symmetry (Reuter Gustafsson, 1995). Some flatworms have a nerve net like Cnidarians. Others have a central nervous system that consists of anterior ganglia, the brain, and one or several pairs of longitudinal nerve cords that are connected in a ladder-like configuration (Reuter Gustafsson, 1995). The peripheral nervous system is just a meshwork of nerves that are interconnected to the central nervous system (Reuter Gustafsson, 1995). Platyhelminthes has eyes, a light sensing organ, on the dorsal side of the body composed of two cell types: pigment cells and photoreceptor cells (Inoue et al., 2004). The pigment cells form an eye-cup while the visual neurons are located outside the eye-cup (Inoue et al., 2004). The eyes do not allow Planarians to see distinct images, but allows them to be repulsed by bright light, a condition known as negative phototrophism (Hyde, 2003). Not only does the head bear a pair of eyes, but a also a pair of ear-like lobes called auricles. Auricles have nothing to do with hearing; instead they are involved in mechanoreception, chemoreception, and pressure reception (Hyde, 2003). Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been established as a genetic and genomic model organism (Zhang, 2008). C. elegans does not have a visual or auditory system so it depends on chemosensation to detect bacteria to feed on (Zhang, 2008). C. elegans has exactly 302 neurons, 32 of which are chemosensory because they have ciliated endings that are directly exposed to their external environment (Troemel et al., 1995). Free-living nematodes use amphids and phasmids as sensory structures to seek food and avoid harmful situations, while parasitic nematodes use amphids to actively or passively see a host (Srinivasan, Durak, Sternberg, 2008). Amphids are either enclosed in the amphid sheath or exposed to the environment (Zhang, 2008). Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), a larger nematode, contains 298 neurons (Srinivasan, Durak, Sternberg, 2008). Each group of neurons reacts to certain stimuli. For example, some respond to salt (ASE chemosensory neurons), others respond to volatile al dehydes, ketones, and alcohols (AWC olfactory neurons), and yet others respond to chemical, mechanical, and osmotic stimuli (ASH neurons) (Srinivasan, Durak, Sternberg, 2008; Troemel et al., 1995). Mollusks, Annelids, and Arthropods There are three different nervous systems seen in mollusks alone. Bivalves tend to have no cephalization, while slowing moving mollusks have some cephalization, primary to connect senses and motor information while moving through the environment (Gregory, 2006). The cephalopods require complex sense organs and so they are highly cephalized Gregory, 2006). The cephalopods are known for their well-developed eye, that functions almost exactly like the human eye, which is why they such good eye sight (Oceanic Research Group, 2007). Annelids and Arthropods have repeating segments and an anterior brain. Each segment contains its own ganglion, which controls the muscles of that segment (Gregory, 2006). The nerve cord of both phylum runs directly through all of the segments (Gregory, 2006). These two were grouped together because they are very similar in function for being two different phyla. Vertebrates Amphioxous, part of the phylum chordata, are only capable of a few reflexive responses. They do not have the ability to recognize tactile stimuli, so all stimuli are interpreted as a threat and the organism curls away in defense (Sarnat Netsky, 2002). This reaction demonstrates how neurons that feel the stimuli on one side of the body are transmitted and affect motor neurons on the other side of the body (Sarnat Netsky, 2002). The neuron that served this function was known as the decussating interneuron (Sarnat Netsky, 2002). This is the underlying groundwork of the vertebrate nervous systems. Vertebrates have bilateral symmetry, complex sense organs and complex behaviors, requiring a very cephalized, complex nervous system. Vertebrates consist of two nervous systems, the Central and Peripheral. The central nervous system (CNS) contains the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of the nerves running through the body. The CNS has been conservative in its evolution, especially when looking at the senses of the vertebrates (Hodos Butler, 1997). The receptor types are either monopolar or pseudomonopolar neurons, each consist of parallel pathways connecting the receptors to the primary central neurons, which are located inside the sense organs where the stimuli is processed (Hodos Butler, 1997). Nerves are bundles of neurons, without cells bodies (Gregory, 2006). Most nerves contain both sensory and motor abilities (Gregory, 2006). There are both cranial and spinal nerves. There are multiple cranial nerves in all vertebrates, with humans having 12, and they are responsible for both sensory and motor information (Brown, 2003). The nerves are numbered using roman numerals from 1 to 12 (Brown, 2003). Brown (2003) described all of the following cranial nerves. Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve and it carries the sense of smell to the olfactory bulb of the brain. Cranial nerve II is the optic nerve and it carries visual information to the brain. Cranial nerve III is the oculomotor nerve and it provides motor ability to the four-extrinisic eye muscles, muscles of the upper eyelid, and intrinsic eye muscles. Cranial nerve IV is the trochlear nerve and it gives motor ability to the superior oblique eye muscle. Cranial nerve V is the trigeminal nerve and it provides sensory info rmation from the face, forehead, nasal cavity, tongue, gums and teeth. Cranial nerve VI is the abducens nerve gives motor ability to the lateral rectus muscle of the extrinisic eye. VII is the Facial nerve that provides humans with facial expressions. VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve and it innervates the hair cell receptors of the inner ear. IX or the glossopharyngeal nerve moves the pharynx, soft palate, and posterior region of the tongue. X is the vagus nerve, it is the longest nerve, and provides sense transports from the ear to the taste buds to the throat. Cranial nerve XI is the spinal accessory nerve and it is involved in swallowing and powering muscle movement for the upper shoulders, head, and neck. Lastly, XII is the hypoglossal nerve and it moves the muscles of the tongue (Brown, 2003). As you can see the ability for control of all of these senses and movements makes for a very complex nervous, something that was never seen in earlier organisms. The spinal nerves are connected directly to the spinal cord by two roots, the dorsal (strictly sensory) and ventral (strictly motor) (Gregory, 2006). All of the above are seen in the PNS, which is then subdivided into the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System. The Somatic Nervous System is the voluntary system, including all of the nerves that serve the skeletal muscles and exterior sense organs (Gregory, 2006). Reflexes are also seen in this nervous system. Just like in the lower organisms, vertebrates respond to stimuli. Except vertebrates have a much more complex stimulus-reflex system. Remember how a Paramecium came in contact with a stimulus and retreated until adaptation occurred? Vertebrates have the ability to think about coming in contact with a stimulus, they dont have to come in contact with everything they see because they have the somatic nervous system (Gregory, 2006). The other subdivision is the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for actions without conscious control; examples are heart beating and smooth muscle actions (Gregory, 2006). Everything in the PNS needs a place to send its information too and that is why there is the central nervous system. In the more primitive animals the brain, or ganglia, was there to simply send out reflexes to external stimuli (Gregory, 2006). The vertebrates have evolved a very complex brain because they have the ability to respond to reflexes, hold memory, learn, and think (Gregory, 2006). The brain has three divisions, the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The important portion when talking about senses is the midbrain because it receives sensory information and sends it to the forebrain to be processed (Gregory, 2006). In fishes and amphibians it is geared towards reflexes associated with visual input (Gregory, 2006). The cerebrum in reptiles, birds, and mammals receives sensory information and coordinates motor responses (Gregory, 2006). There are four lobes the frontal (motor functions), parietal (sensory receptors from skin), occipital (vision), and temporal (hearing and sm elling) (Gregory, 2006). Similar to decussating interneuron in Amphixous, vertebrates have the corpus callosum that contains neurons that cross from one side of the brain to the other, allowing communication between both sides (Gregory, 2006). Conclusion Bioluminescence is when luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin to excited oxyluciferin that then relaxes to produce a visible photon (Akilesh, 2000). The most common colors for bioluminescence are blue and green, although red and violet can be seen as well (Akilesh, 2000). Bioluminescence was developed in order to protect the organism. For example dinoflagellates flash their light during night or dark cycles to distract predators and reveal their predator to higher predators (Akilesh, 2000). Another example is the cookie-cutter shark, whose belly lights up, and is covered during the day by another organ. When the shark swims up in the waters its neck does not have the bioluminescence and so it appears to be a small fish and when bigger predators get close it attacks (Akilesh, 2000). Bioluminescence is seen more in aquatic organisms, probably because it is more beneficial to them in the mercy waters. This paper talked about the different phylum from protists all the way to vertebrates. Protists being unicellular and having no nervous system still had the ability to respond to many different kinds of environmental stimuli. Sponges have no symmetry and they are also able to respond to environmental stimuli, although usually larvae respond to more. Cnidarians have radial symmetry and therefore a corresponding nerve net, which helps them respond to environmental stimuli. Platelyhelminthes are the first to have bilateral symmetry and to go along with that their nervous system extends the length of its body, with centralization in the head, or anterior end. They also have to ganglia at the end of each nerve cord and the nerve cords are connected to allow both sides of the body to move together. The mollusks have a wide range of diversity in their nervous systems, ranging from nerve nets to highly cephalized cephalopods. The segmentation of annelids and arthropods allows each segment to be controlled individually but the nerve cord still runs through each segment. The vertebrates have the most evolved nervous system. This is because they have the ability to respond to stimuli, hold memory, learn, and think. This means that we dont have to come in contact with everything in the environment to understand it. The more complex a body plan becomes the more complex the corresponding nervous system becomes as well. A simple body plan doesnt have the room to house a huge brain, and therefore simple or no nervous systems are seen. Literature Cited Akilesh, S. (2000). Bioluminescence: Natures Bright Idea. Retrieved from: dujs.dartmouth.edu/2000S/06-Biolumen.pdf Brown, W. (2003). Cranial Nerves. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~anat/Neuro/CranialNerves/CN.htm Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). Kingdom Protozoa and Its 18 Phyla. Microbiological Reviews, 57(4), 953-994 Gregory, M. (2006) The Nervous System: Organization, Overview of Nervous System in the Animal Kingdom [PDF document] Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/nervous%20system/nervous1.htm Gualtieri, P. (2001). Morphology of photoreceptor systems in microalgae. Micron, 411-426 Hennessey, T.M., Saimi, Y., and Kung, C. (1983). A heat-induced depolarization of Paramecium and its relationship to thermal avoidance behavior. J. Comp. Physiol., 153, 39-46 Hodos, W. and Butler, A.B. (1997). Evolution of Sensory Pathways in Vertebrates. Brain Behav Evol, 50, 189-197 Hyde, K. (2003). Chapter 6: The Flatworms. An Inside View of Animals: Zoology, 3rd ed., 121. Inoue, T., Kumanoto, H., Okamoto, K., Umesono, Y., Sakai, M., Alvarado, A.S., and Agata, K. (2004). Morphological and Functional Recovery of the Planarian Photosensing System during Head Regeneration. Zoological Science, 21, 275-283. Jacobs, D.K., Nakanishi, N., Yuan, D., Camara, A., Nichols, S.A., and Hartenstein, V. (2007). Evolution of sensory structures in basal metazoa. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47(5), 712-723 Leys, S.P, Cronin, T.W., Degnan, B.M., and Marshall, J.N. (2002). Spectral sensitivity in a sponge larva. J Comp Physiol A, 188, 199-202 Oceanic Reasearch Group. (2007). The Wonders of the sea: The snail and its relatives. Retrieved from http://www.oceanicresearch.org/education/wonders/mollusk.html Ogura, A., and Machemer, H. (1980). Distribution of Mechanoreceptor Channels in the Paramecium surface membrane. J. Comp. Physiol., 135, 233-242 Reuter, M., and Gustafsson, M.K.S. (1995). The flatworm nervous system: Pattern and phylogeny. The Nervous System of Invertebrates: An evolutionary and comparative approach. Pg.25-59. Rodgers, L.F., Markle, K.L, and Hennessey, T.M. (2008). Responses of the Ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium to Vertebrate Odorants and Tastants. J. Eukaryot. Mircobiol., 55(1), 27-33. Sarnat, H.B., and Netsky, M.G. (2002). When Does a Ganglion Become a Brain? Evolutionary Origin of the Central Nervous System. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 9(4), 240-253 Srinivasan, J., Durak, O., and Strenberg, P.W. (2008). Evolution of a polymodal sensory response network. BMC Biology, 6(52), 1-15 Thompkins-MacDonald, G.J., and Leys, S.P. (2008). Glass sponges arrest pumping in response to sediment: implications for the physiology of the hexactinellid conduction system. Mar Biol,154,973-984 Toyoda, T., Hiramatsu, Y., Sasaki, T., Nakaoka, Y. (2009). Thermo-sensitive response based on the membrane fluidity adaptation in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 212, 2767-2772 Troemel, E.R., Chou, J.H., Dwyer, N.D., Colbert, H.A., and Bargmann, C.I. (1995). Divergent Seven transmembrane receptors are candidate chemosensory receptors in C. elegans. Cell, 83, 207-218 Valentine, M., Yano, J., and Van Houten, J.L. (2008). Chemosensory Transduction in Paramecium. Jpn. J. Protozool., 41(1) Vermeij, M.J.A., Marhaver, K.L., Huijbers, C.M., Nagelkerken, I., Simpson, S.D. (2010). Coral Larvae move towards reef sounds. PLoS One, 5(5) Watanabe, H., Fujisawa, T., and Holstein, T.W. (2009). Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system. Develop. Growth Differ., 51, 167-183 Zhang, Y. (2008). Neuronal mechanisms of Caenorhabditis elegans and pathogenic bacteria interactions. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 11, 257-261

Reading Books Essay

Reading a book is one of the best forms of entertainment a person can have. Books can take you places to a time and lifestyle that you will never visit or experience. I remember the old show called â€Å"Reading Rainbow† and it lyrics were gave a very interesting take on books they went like this: â€Å"I can twice as high take a look, it’s in a book A Reading Rainbow, I can go anywhere, Friends to know and ways to grow, Reading Rainbow, I can be anything take a look it’s in a book.† Those lyrics are so true. Reading a book you can read about how life was in the 1700’s up until our generation today. I could be a detective who solves a famous mystery or I could be the killer trying to get away. I can learn to speak another language. There are so many things and topics in reading a book that can change your appearance, your political viewpoints, and change your attitude. Some say that books might become obsolete because movies are made from these books and you can watch the movies in two hours. Watching the movies a person feels that you can get the plot and conclusion of the book in two hours. This is true but for example if it is true life story the movie are going to change some parts of the books to make it more enjoyable, whereas the book is going to give you every detail the author wants you to have. Books gives people a conversation piece just like a movie but the only difference is books can join the world. Movies can’t be seen in some countries but a book can be read. So like the Reading Rainbow says â€Å"take a look it’s in a book†. So in conclusion reading a book is the best form of entertainment. Stephanie C. Williams November 20, 2010

Cultural Artifact Essay †Blue Jeans Essay

Blue jeans in the last thirty years have attained such world wide popularity that they have come to be considered an American icon. However jeans have not always been held in high stead, but rather have had a troubled history including its beginnings within the working class movement, being considered unsavory by religious leaders and also seen as a rebellious statement about ‘western decadence’. According to the University of Toronto, no other garment has served as an example of status ambivalence and ambiguity than blue jeans in the history of fashion. Throughout this essay I will discuss how jeans have become such a common treasured and even expensive item crossing over class, gender, age, regional, and national lines as reflected by the many changing political views and acceptance from various social classes over the past 50 years. History of Blue Jeans According to the University of Toronto, blue jeans were originally created for the California coal miners in the mid-nineteenth century by the Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant who relocated to New York in 1847. Mr Strauss’ fate and the history of clothing changed forever when in 1872 he received an offer from Jacob Davis, a tailor from Reno Nevada. Mr. Davis, in order to improve the durability of the pants that he made for his clients, had been adding metal rivets to the highly stressed seams. The idea was successful and he wished to patent it, but due to financial constraints required a partner and hence Levi became the financial backer and partner. In 1873, the new partners received a patent for â€Å"an improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings†, and thus the history of blue jeans as we know them began. Blue jeans were originally called â€Å"waist overalls† by Levi Strauss and Co and in the 1920’s these were the most widely used worker’s pants in America. The name of these trousers changed to â€Å"jeans† in the 1960’s when Levi Strauss and Co. recognized that this was what the product was being called by the young, hip teenage boys. The history of â€Å"waist overalls† continues as the history of blue jeans. â€Å"Jeans† is now generally understood to refer to pants made out of a specific type of fabric called â€Å"denim† (Fashion Encyclopedia). Blue Jeans through the decades The popularity of blue jeans spread among working people, such as farmers and the ranchers of the American West. According to the Encyclopedia of Fashion, in the 1930’s jeans became so popular among cowboys that Wrangler formed just to make denim work clothing for those who rode the range. Jeans have tended to follow along in popularity with popular culture as evident with the popular Western films which found adventure and romance in the adventures of the cowboys who rode horses, shot bad guys, and wore blue jeans. Those who wished to imitate the casual, rugged look of the cowboys they saw in films began to wear jeans as casual wear (Fashion Encyclopedia). This effect is not hard to understand, as even today fashion trends are greatly influenced by what highly publicized celebrities choose to wear. During World War II blue jeans became part of the official uniform of the Navy and Coast Guard, and became even more popular when worn as off-duty leisure clothing by many other soldiers. In his book, â€Å"Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon†, James Sullivan states that the rise of the popularity of jeans after the WWII can greatly be attributed to the influence of the film and music industry, during the 1950s many young people began to wear jeans when they saw them on rebellious young American film stars such as Marlon Brando and James Dean. By 1950, Levi’s began selling nationally and other brands started emerging, such as Lee Coopers and each with its own particular fit (Sullivan 287). According to the University of Toronto, in the 1960’s and 1970’s jeans were embraced by the nonconformist hippie youth movement, and the history of blue jeans even gets linked to the downfall of communism. Behind the iron curtain, jeans became a symbol of â€Å"western decadence† and individuality and as such were highly sought. Jeans had become extremely popular, but were still mainly worn by working people or the young. In the 1980’s through to the 1990’s jeans were no longer seen as rebellious or a source of individuality, but they were transformed as the term ‘designer jeans’ was discovered. Many designers such as Jordache and Calvin Klein came on board to create expensive jeans and some jeans even reached haute couture status (Fashion Encyclopedia). In the new millennium denim is seen on designer catwalks and there are now hundreds of styles, types and labels available and of various price ranges. Changing Popularity According to Peter Beagle in his book â€Å"American Denim: A New Folk Art†, the popularity of jeans can be attributed to the fact that jeans can be seen to embrace the American democratic values of independence, freedom and equality. Some Americans even consider jeans to be the national uniform. Blue jeans have evolved from a garment associated exclusively with hard work to one associated with leisure. What began as work clothes has transformed into one of the â€Å"hottest† items available on the consumer market today. What was once apparel associated with low culture has undergone a reversal in status. Blue jeans were the first to accomplish a rather revolutionary cultural achievement bringing upper class status to a lower class garment. Conclusion At one point or another throughout history, blue jeans have been the uniform of many groups and are considered the one garment of clothing that has remained hip for over a century and has survived everything from World War II to the eighties. For half a century blue jeans have helped define every youth movement, and every effort of older generations to deny the passing of youth. Fifty years ago America invented the concept of teenager, and it is probably no coincidence that the enduring character of blue jeans, claiming independence and the right to self-expression, can be traced to the same time. Jeans were once seen as clothing for minority groups such as workers, hippies or rebellious youth, but are now embraced by the dominant American culture as a whole. Works Cited â€Å"Material Culture†. Utoronto. ca. University of Toronto Department of History, University of Toronto, n. d. Web â€Å"European Culture 19th Century – Blue Jeans†. Fashionencyclopedia. com. Fashion Encyclopedia, Advameg, June 2010. Web. â€Å"Modern World 1980 – 2003, Designer Jeans†. Fashionencyclopedia. com. Fashion Encyclopedia, Advameg, June 2010. Web. Sullivan, James. Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon. New York: Penguin, 2007. Print. George, Diana and Trimbur, John. Reading Culture: Contexts for critical reading and writing. New York: Longman, 2007. Print. Beagle, Peter. American Denim: A New Folk Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1975. Print.

The Marketing Opportunities and Threats Posed by the Growing Importance of Socially Conscious Consumer Free Essay Example, 5500 words

Basically setting of prices is an effective and critical stage for every management. It involves many factors to be considered to set the final price of the product. From the sales point of view, the manager has to set a competitive price through which they can earn more profit. The ratio of sales increases and they can compete well in the market. Whereas accountants are reviewing the prices to effectively reduce the cost in order to have high-profit margins. All these factors are considered to set the prices. From my point of view, the accountant's point is valid. the prices are set in such a way to earn maximum profit. Whereas I totally agree with the sales manager s point of view, is to set competitive prices to excel in the market. The sales managers can play a drastic role in price setting. The prices of the products are such which brings high yield and simultaneously gets high sales from the market. The price setting process also considers the point on which the consumer has t o pay indirectly the sales tax. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Opportunities and Threats Posed by the Growing Importance of Socially Conscious Consumer or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There are many factors which can gain bad publicity for the company. It could be because of some dissatisfied employees, or customers, due to some accidents or some mishap at the factory area. It could be anything which costs heavily to the company. The competitors takes advantage of such incidents and the financial effect are adverse in such cases. The share price of many companies in such situations falls rapidly. Whatever the case may be which results in bad publicity. The key is how to handle the situation. Most of the companies avoid having public dealing or meeting which creates a negative impression in such a situation.